Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and quite dangerous lesion of the venous vessels of the circulatory system.
Varicose veins of the lower extremities is a pathology that spreads in the vessels passing into the muscular structures of the legs. Elongation and dilation of venous vessels significantly impairs blood flow and becomes the cause of the appearance and progression of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease lies in the appearance of a high probability of separation of a thrombus formed on the vessel wall and its transport to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, an irreversible process of elongation and dilation of the venous vessels occurs. As the process progresses, thinning of the venous wall is observed and nodules form, which impede the free transport of blood through the vessels.
Most often people aged 30-40 and older are affected by this disease.
The reasons for the appearance and development of the disease can be various adverse factors. Varicose veins are the result of a serious circulatory disorder in a certain area of the lower extremities.
As the disease progresses, the patient may develop trophic ulcers at the site of circulatory disorders, which may provoke gangrene, a condition that requires amputation of the affected part of the limb.
In addition, VRV can cause deformity of the muscles of the lower extremities, and the formation of a blood clot with its possible subsequent separation and transport to the pulmonary artery can lead to death.
The main factors contributing to the onset of the disorder and its progression are the following:
In addition, the causes of the disease can be:
In addition, cellulite can cause the development of pathology.
Early detection of the disease allows a visit to a qualified phlebollogist at the first suspicion of the disease.
Most often in the initial stage of progression the disease manifests itself as a feeling of slight fatigue in the legs after prolonged static load or after prolonged walking. In addition, during this period there is a slight swelling of the tissues of the limbs.
The most common symptoms of the disorder appear at the end of daylight and gradually disappear with prolonged rest. When these signs appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and conduct special studies to identify and clarify the presence of pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to identify the degree of development of the disease and to decide on the use of timely and adequate course of treatment of the disease. As the disease progresses, it progresses to more advanced stages, characterized by the appearance of a whole range of symptoms and signs characteristic of progressive disease.
The following symptoms are typical for the advanced stages of the pathology:
Further progression of the disease leads to the appearance of small wounds that cannot be healed for a long time and subsequently transform into trophic ulcers.
In the absence of adequate and timely treatment, the development of the disease for the patient can be fatal. The progression of varicose veins leads to a gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes in the skin and bone mass.
With prolonged progression, the patient develops signs of eczema and develops trophic ulcers, which can turn into gangrene. Which leads to sepsis or death.
The process of thrombus formation develops in the venous vessels affected by varicose veins. As a result of this process, the formed thrombus is able to break off and be transported through the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters a pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and a person dies.
An experienced phlebologist can determine the presence of varicose veins of the lower extremities by characteristic symptoms that are clearly visible even in the picture of the legs, but the methods of treatment are selected individually after a detailed examination of the patient and takinggiven all the individual characteristics of his body.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to identify the presence and stage of development of the disease. Laboratory methods include a general analysis of blood and urine.
The most common method of instrumental diagnosis is the use of ultrasound examination of the venous vessels of the legs. This technique allows you to visualize the vascular system and identify the degree of development of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the attending physician prescribes the following:
The use of venous occlusive plethysmography makes it possible to reveal the volume of blood in the veins of the lower extremities.
Only after a thorough examination and receipt of the results, the patient is prescribed an appropriate course of treatment.
Modern medicine offers several options for treating the disease - medical, non-medical and surgical.
In parallel, after consultation with your doctor, you can use the methods of non-traditional and alternative treatments at home.
Surgery is the most reliable way to treat the disease. The use of drug therapy in the form of tablets, special ointments and gels for external use may play an additional role and is in fact a maintenance therapy.
The use of drug therapy involves the use of several types of drugs during treatment - anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action
Anticoagulants dilute the blood and prevent blood clots. Anti-inflammatory drugs help to relieve inflammatory processes in the walls of venous vessels. Venotonics help increase the tone of the vein walls, and fibrinolytics help dissolve small clots and help clean the venous bed.
Due to the use of drugs, most often the disappearance of such a manifestation of the disease as edema, in addition, there is an improvement in the condition of the superficial skin. The main condition for the use of drugs is strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations and compliance with the dosages of drugs taken.
Surgery is recommended to completely cure varicose veins.
In addition, surgical methods are used in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy.
The most common methods for surgical treatment of pathology are:
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure - sclerosants, injected into the lumen of the affected vein and leading to adhesion of the vessel walls. This procedure allows you to remove the venous vessel from the circulatory system, which prevents the development of pathology. This technique is very rarely used in case of a severe form of the disorder.
Phlebectomy consists of removing the affected area of the venous vessel. This method is most often used to identify lesions of superficial veins, but in some cases it is applicable in the treatment of deep venous vessels of the limbs.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgery and is performed with the help of a laser, allowing you to remove the affected area of the vein from the circulatory system by gluing its walls under the action of laser radiation. This method of treatment has received the largest number of positive reviews from patients due to the fact that it is virtually painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical methods of treatment allows you to completely get rid of the symptoms characteristic of varicose veins. And the choice of surgical technique depends on the degree of development of the pathology, the individual characteristics of the patient and is made by the attending physician.